Phoebe (Nanmu)
Scientific name: Phoebe zhennan
Overview
Phoebe, commonly known as Nanmu, is a historically significant hardwood native to China. It has been used for centuries in traditional architecture, furniture, and ceremonial structures, particularly during imperial periods.
The wood is valued for its fine texture, dimensional stability, and resistance to decay, making it suitable for both structural and decorative uses.
Quick Facts
- Common Name: Phoebe (Nanmu)
- Scientific Name: Phoebe zhennan
- Region: Asian Hardwoods
- Tree Size: 60–100 ft tall, 2–4 ft trunk diameter
- Average Dried Weight: 30–38 lbs/ft³
- Janka Hardness: ~900 lbf
- Color: Yellow-brown to olive-brown
- Grain: Straight to slightly interlocked
- Texture: Fine to medium
Identification Characteristics
Phoebe typically displays a yellow-brown to olive-brown coloration, often with a soft, natural luster. The grain is usually straight but may show slight interlocking, and the texture ranges from fine to medium, giving the wood a smooth and refined appearance.
Key identification traits include:
- Yellow-brown to olive-brown color
- Fine to medium texture
- Smooth, uniform surface
- Subtle natural luster
- Generally straight grain
Working Properties
Phoebe is considered relatively easy to work and performs well in both hand and machine processes.
- Machines cleanly with minimal resistance
- Cuts and sands smoothly
- Gluing and finishing are effective
- Good dimensional stability
- Moderate durability
Safety Note
No significant toxicity is commonly reported, though standard dust precautions should be followed.
Common Uses
Phoebe has been widely used in both historical and modern woodworking applications.
- Architectural woodwork
- Furniture
- Carvings
- Interior construction
- Decorative panels
- Traditional structures
Sustainability & Notes
Phoebe zhennan has been historically overharvested and is now less commonly available in large quantities. It is considered a valuable species with cultural importance, and sourcing may be limited depending on region.
Comparative Notes & Related Species
Toona – Similar in tone but generally lighter and less refined in texture.
Teak – More oily and weather-resistant, while Phoebe is more commonly used in interior applications.
Persimmon – Much denser and harder, while Phoebe is easier to work and lighter.
Related Guides
Plantation vs Wild-Harvested Hardwood
Relevant due to limited natural supply.
Wood Strength and Hardness Guide
Helps position Phoebe in the mid-range category.
Finishing Oils vs Polyurethane on Exotic Species
Useful for enhancing its natural luster.
Compare Wood Properties
See how this species ranks in density and hardness using our Wood Density & Janka Hardness Chart. You can also explore Hardest Woods, Softest Woods, and Most Dense Woods for quick comparisons.
Collector Notes
Phoebe (Nanmu) represents an important historical hardwood that connects woodworking to cultural and architectural heritage in Asia. Its inclusion adds depth beyond commercial and modern species, highlighting the long-standing use of wood in traditional craftsmanship.
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Wood Sample Collection
This species is part of an ongoing effort to document and preserve wood samples from around the world.
Learn more about contributing to the collection:
Resources
Authoritative botanical and forestry references used in compiling information about this species include:
• USDA Forest Service – Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material
https://www.fpl.fs.usda.gov/products/publications/
• The Wood Database – Global reference for wood identification, physical properties, and woodworking characteristics
https://www.wood-database.com/
• Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – Plants of the World Online – Botanical taxonomy and species distribution database
https://powo.science.kew.org/
• International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN Red List) – Global conservation status assessments
https://www.iucnredlist.org/
• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) – International trade regulations for protected plant species
https://cites.org/
Additional forestry publications, academic research papers, and regional timber studies may also be referenced where available.
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Availability & Where to Buy
Exotic hardwood availability can vary significantly depending on region, sustainability regulations, and supplier inventory.
As this archive grows, recommended suppliers and specialty wood retailers will be listed here to help woodworkers locate responsibly sourced material.
Lumber Suppliers:
Availability varies — see the Where to Buy Exotic Woods page for current sources.
Related Tools & Products:
Availability varies — see the Where to Buy Exotic Woods page for current sources.
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